Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences?

• A. Charles Darwin
• B. B.F. Skinner
• C. Abraham Maslow
• D. Howard Gardner

Answer: (D)

Multiple intelligences theory reframes how we think about intelligence, suggesting that people have several distinct abilities rather than a single measure of IQ. Howard Gardner proposed that intelligence comprises multiple, relatively independent domains, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligences. This view helps explain why students excel in different areas and why a single test score often fails to capture a person’s true capabilities. It also guides instruction toward engaging various modalities to develop strengths across these different intelligences.

Other figures mentioned contributed important ideas in other areas: Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, B. F. Skinner advanced behaviorist approaches to learning, and Abraham Maslow formulated the hierarchy of needs. Their theories shape our understanding of development and motivation, but they do not propose the theory of multiple intelligences.