Which type of teacher believes they can control some variables that affect learning?

• A. Progressivist teachers
• B. Behaviorist teachers
• C. Existentialist teachers
• D. Perennialist teachers

Answer: (B)

In behaviorist theory, learning is driven by observable changes in behavior that result from environmental stimuli and responses. Because learning is seen as shaped by controllable external factors, the teacher’s role is to arrange cues and reinforce or punish behaviors to mold outcomes. They can decide what prompts a student to respond (antecedents) and what follows a response (consequences), using immediate feedback, rewards, or penalties to strengthen desirable behaviors and reduce undesired ones. This belief—that these variables influencing learning can be deliberately controlled—underpins classroom practices like token economies, scheduled reinforcement, and structured routines. Other approaches focus more on student-led inquiry, personal meaning, or universal, enduring truths, rather than the systematic manipulation of environmental variables to shape learning outcomes.