Which description best captures Maria Montessori's approach?

• A. Child-centered with hands-on materials and self-directed activity
• B. Teacher-centered with lecture-based instruction
• C. Emphasis on drill and repetition
• D. Strict discipline and rote memorization

Answer: (A)

Learning is child-centered, with learners actively engaging through hands-on materials and pursuing activities at their own pace. In Montessori settings, the environment is prepared to support independence, giving children access to appropriately challenging materials that invite exploration and self-directed work. The teacher acts as a facilitator and observer, guiding when needed and stepping in to present new materials, but otherwise allowing the child to choose tasks, develop focus, and build confidence through independent activity. This stands in contrast to approaches that rely on teacher-led lectures, repetitive drills, or strict, externally imposed discipline.