What is the name of the religious movement that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in Protestant churches?

• A. Counter-Reformation
• B. Reformation
• C. Great Schism
• D. Evangelical Movement

Answer: (B)

The movement being described is the Reformation. It started in the 16th century as reform efforts within the Roman Catholic Church—challenging practices such as indulgences, emphasizing Scripture as the authority for doctrine, and teaching justification by faith. These reforms, driven by figures like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others, led to the formation of new Christian communities that broke away from Rome, giving rise to Protestant churches. The term captures both the push to reform and the resulting separation from the Catholic Church. The other options refer to different developments: the Counter-Reformation was the Catholic response to reformers, the Great Schism was the medieval split between Eastern and Western Churches, and the Evangelical Movement refers to later Protestant currents not the initial reform that created Protestant churches.