The approach described as heavy on the humanities is associated with which philosophy?

• A. Essentialist
• B. Behaviorist
• C. Reconstructionist
• D. Perennialism

Answer: (D)

The main concept being tested is recognizing a philosophy that places the humanities at the center of schooling. Perennialism emphasizes education through enduring truths and universal questions, usually taught through the liberal arts and classic texts. Because it focuses on timeless ideas about human nature, ethics, and beauty, the curriculum tends to be rich in humanities subjects—literature, philosophy, history, and languages—rather than prioritizing trendy topics or purely skill-based content. This is why it best fits a description of an approach heavy on the humanities. Other philosophies pull in different directions: essentialism centers on a core, practical body of knowledge; behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and measurable outcomes; reconstructionism emphasizes social reform and democratic renewal, not a humanities-heavy canon.